The Boeing Company ( BA ) Nowojorska Giełda Papierów Wartościowych

Cena: 202.54 ( 1.83% )

Aktualizacja 06-26 21:59
Nowojorska Giełda Papierów Wartościowych
Branża: Aerospace & Defense

Notowania:


Informacje o spółce:
Sektor: Przemysł
Branża: Aerospace & Defense
Zatrudnienie: 171 000
Giełda: Nowojorska Giełda Papierów Wartościowych
Ilość akcji w obrocie: 100%
Ilość akcji: 610 135 000
Debiut giełdowy: 1962-01-02
WWW: https://www.boeing.com
CEO: Mr. Robert K. Ortberg
Adres: 929 Long Bridge Drive
Siedziba: 22202 Arlington
ISIN: US0970231058
Opis firmy:

Firma Boeing, wraz z spółkami zależnymi, projektuje, rozwija, produkuje, sprzedaż, usługi i wspiera komercyjne odrzutowniki, samoloty wojskowe, satelity, obronę rakiet, systemy lotów i startów w przestrzeni ludzkiej oraz usługi na całym świecie. Firma działa w czterech segmentach: samoloty komercyjne; Obrona, przestrzeń i bezpieczeństwo; Globalne usługi; i Capital Boeing. Segment samolotów komercyjnych zapewnia komercyjne samoloty odrzutowe dla wymagań pasażerskich i towarowych, a także usług wsparcia floty. Segment obrony, przestrzeni i bezpieczeństwa angażuje się w badania, rozwój, produkcję oraz modyfikację załogowych i bezzałogowych systemów samolotów wojskowych i broni; Strategiczne systemy obrony i wywiadu, które obejmują strategiczne systemy rakiet i obrony, dowództwo, kontrola, komunikacja, komputery, wywiad, nadzór i rozpoznanie, cyber i informacje oraz systemy wywiadowcze; oraz systemy satelitarne, takie jak satelity rządowe i komercyjne oraz eksploracja przestrzeni. Globalny segment usług oferuje produkty i usługi, w tym zarządzanie łańcuchem dostaw i logistyki, inżynieria, konserwacja i modyfikacje, aktualizacje i konwersje, części zamienne, systemy i usługi szkoleniowe pilotażowe i konserwacyjne, dokumenty techniczne i konserwacyjne oraz usługi analizy danych oraz usługi cyfrowe dla klientów komercyjnych i obrony. Boeing Capital Segment oferuje usługi finansowania i zarządza ekspozycją finansowania portfela sprzętu w ramach leasingu operacyjnego, dzierżawy typu sprzedaży/finansów, banknotów i innych wierzytelności, aktywów posiadanych na sprzedaż lub dzierżawy oraz inwestycji. Firma została zarejestrowana w 1916 roku i ma siedzibę w Chicago w stanie Illinois.

Wskaźniki finansowe
Kapitalizacja (USD) 152 712 402 675
Aktywa: 137 695 000 000
Cena: 202.54
Wskaźnik Altman Z-Score: 1.1
Słaby (wysokie ryzyko bankructwa)
Dywidenda: 0
P/E: -11.3
Ilość akcji w obrocie: 100%
Średni wolumen: 10 315 618
Ilość akcji 754 005 000
Wskaźniki finansowe
Przychody TTM 73 293 000 000
Zobowiązania: 161 257 000 000
Przedział 52 tyg.: 128.88 - 218.8
Piotroski F-Score: 1
Słaby (niska jakość finansowa)
EPS: -18.0
P/E branży: 32.5
Beta: 1.572
Raport okresowy: 2025-07-29
WWW: https://www.boeing.com
Zarząd
Imie i Nazwisko Stanowisko Wynagrodzenie Rok urodzenia
Ms. Stephanie F. Pope Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer 3 099 753 1973
Mr. Brian J. West Executive Vice President of Finance & Chief Financial Officer 2 546 638 1970
Mr. David L. Calhoun President, Chief Executive Officer & Director 2 538 769 1958
Mr. Brett C. Gerry Chief Legal Officer & Executive Vice President of Global Compliance 2 176 548 1972
Mr. Theodore Colbert III Executive Vice President 1 940 171 1974
Matt Welch Vice President of Investor Relations 0 0
Mr. Darrin A. Hostetler Chief Compliance Officer & Vice President of Global Compliance 0 0
Dr. Todd Citron Ph.D. Chief Technology Officer, Vice President and GM of Boeing Research & Technology 0 0
Mr. Andrew Ward Chief Investment Officer 0 1971
Ms. Susan Doniz BSc, ICD.D Chief Information & Data Analytics Officer 0 1970
Wiadomości dla The Boeing Company
Tytuł Treść Źródło Aktualizacja Link
Justice Department Wants to Spare Boeing From Guilty Plea Over 737 MAX Charges Prosecutors are proposing a nonprosecution agreement to resolve Boeing's violation of an earlier settlement. wsj.com 2025-05-16 15:41:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Justice Department Wants to Spare Boeing From Guilty Plea Over 737 MAX Charges Prosecutors are proposing a nonprosecution agreement to resolve Boeing's violation of an earlier settlement. wsj.com 2025-05-16 15:24:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Secures a Contract for 210 Widebody Aircraft From Qatar Airways BA secures a contract from Qatar Airways for 210 widebody aircraft, including 130 787 Dreamliners and 30 777-9s aircraft. zacks.com 2025-05-16 15:16:09 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Exclusive: Boeing near deal avoid guilty plea, prosecution in fatal crashes case, sources say Boeing has reached a tentative nonprosecution agreement with U.S. prosecutors in a fraud case stemming from two fatal 737 MAX plane crashes that killed 346 people, people familiar with the matter said. reuters.com 2025-05-16 14:44:45 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Stacey: Boeing "Probably on the Upswing" Despite tariffs, safety concerns and strikes in recent years, Boeing (BA) has shown it is important enough to the U.S. economy that it appears to have clear skies ahead, according to Frances Stacey. The company is one of the big winners of President Trump's Middle East trip. youtube.com 2025-05-16 14:29:53 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Dow Jones: Buy Boeing And United Health Is Headed to A September Low Boeing appears to be making a longer-term low. The company has been hounded by bad news, falling since 2019 and giving back 78.6% of its ten-year 2009-2019 bull market. forbes.com 2025-05-16 10:05:07 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Gets 28 Plane Order From Etihad Airways As Trump Tour Continues Etihad Airways has confirmed an order for 28 new Boeing long-haul aircraft during President Trump's visit to the United Arab Emirates. Today's order brings the total tally of Boeing sales announcements during the president's Middle East trip up to 268 aircraft. forbes.com 2025-05-16 07:15:04 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Top 4 Dow Jones stocks to buy and hold for the next bull run The Dow Jones Industrial Average has rebounded after crashing to $36,640 in April as concerns about the trade war rose. It has jumped by over 15.5% to $42,310, and is hovering at the highest point since March 27. invezz.com 2025-05-16 04:02:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Markets Mostly Up on Mid-East Wheeling, Dealing With President Trump continuing his tour through the Middle East, we're seeing a plethora of deals being made there with American corporations. zacks.com 2025-05-15 23:13:02 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Could Be 'The Big Winner' in Long-Term China Trade Deal, Analyst Says Boeing (BA) is a potential major beneficiary of U.S. trade negotiations with China if the current 90-day tariff reduction leads to a broader deal between Washington and Beijing, airline industry analyst Visual Approach Analytics said Thursday. investopedia.com 2025-05-15 18:15:45 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
These Stocks Are The Biggest Winners From Trump's Middle East Trip The three market indexes fell Thursday morning as the S&P 500, down 0.2%, is on track to have its three-day winning streak end. The Nasdaq lost 0.5% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 119 points, or 0.2%, as Walmart's shares fell by 3% after the company warned of higher prices in response to tariffs, while UnitedHealth's shares plummeted 17%. forbes.com 2025-05-15 16:15:13 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Example Trades: TSLA Iron Condor, BA Call Calendar Kevin Hincks examines two mega-cap U.S. stocks in today's Daily Trader episode. For Tesla (TSLA), Kevin composes a long iron condor example, saying movement will dictate the bullish or bearish direction of the trade. youtube.com 2025-05-15 16:00:41 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Wins Order to Provide AviLease With up to 30 737-8 Aircraft BA receives an order from AviLease to deliver up to 30 737-8 commercial aircraft. zacks.com 2025-05-15 13:41:10 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Booms From Trump's Trade Deals. This Can Lift Aerospace, Defense Stocks Higher. Trump highlights string of Middle East deals, tax bill moves ahead, fintechs dominate IPO market, and more news to start your day. barrons.com 2025-05-15 10:38:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Soaring on Trump Bump: Time to Tap the ETFs? Boeing (BA) shares have been in a sweet spot lately, thanks to a flurry of international deals. zacks.com 2025-05-15 09:00:20 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Trump helps ink Boeing-Qatar Airways mega-deal President Trump's Middle Eastern tour continues to Doha where he helps Boeing secure a mega-deal with Qatar Airways. He heads to the UAE later today. youtube.com 2025-05-15 07:22:25 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Faces Manufacturing Reality After Record Qatar Order A billion-dollar plan by Qatar Airways to acquire Boeing aircraft could become its largest-ever order, but aviation expert Mike Boyd says the aircraft manufacturer now has to deliver the goods. Boyd, the President and CEO of Boyd Group International, tells Bloomberg the company still has to clean up after years of mismanagement before it can ramp up manufacturing. youtube.com 2025-05-15 05:51:12 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
US Justice Department to meet with 737 MAX victims on Boeing criminal case The U.S. Justice Department on Friday plans to meet with the victims of two fatal Boeing 737 MAX crashes that killed 346 people in 2018 and 2019 ahead of a June 23 trial date the planemaker faces, according to a letter reviewed by Reuters. reuters.com 2025-05-15 02:22:38 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing and Qatar Airways Announce Historic Order for up to 210 Widebody Airplanes DOHA, Qatar , May 14, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Qatar Airways and Boeing [NYSE: BA] today announced the carrier will purchase up to 210 widebody jets, which sets new records as the largest widebody order for Boeing, including the largest order for 787 Dreamliners and Qatar Airways largest-ever order. This purchase, which also includes additional orders for Boeing's new 777-9, will support approximately 400,000 jobs in the U.S. and position the award-winning Middle Eastern airline for further international expansion. prnewswire.com 2025-05-14 19:10:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing shares gain 2% after winning $96B deal with Qatar Airways Boeing shares surged 2% after the White House announced Boeing, along with GE Aerospace, clinched a $96bn (£72.18 bn) deal to supply 210 aircraft to Qatar Airways.  Boeing shares gained to $209.66 on Wednesday. invezz.com 2025-05-14 17:51:17 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Why the Market Dipped But Boeing (BA) Gained Today In the latest trading session, Boeing (BA) closed at $173.83, marking a +0.46% move from the previous day. zacks.com 2025-02-27 20:50:42 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Don't Expect Boeing Stock to Bounce Back in March It's no secret that Boeing Co (NYSE:BA) has struggled over the past year due to incidents  with its  commercial and defense units, as well as a  workers' strike. schaeffersresearch.com 2025-02-27 15:16:35 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Why Is Boeing (BA) Down 0.4% Since Last Earnings Report? Boeing (BA) reported earnings 30 days ago. What's next for the stock? zacks.com 2025-02-27 14:35:43 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
BAE Systems selected to build spacecraft for NOAA's Space Weather Next L1 Series BROOMFIELD, Colo. , Feb. 27, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- BAE Systems (LON: BA) has been selected to build the spacecraft bus for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) upcoming Space Weather Next L1 Series mission. prnewswire.com 2025-02-27 11:00:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Investors Heavily Search The Boeing Company (BA): Here is What You Need to Know Zacks.com users have recently been watching Boeing (BA) quite a bit. Thus, it is worth knowing the facts that could determine the stock's prospects. zacks.com 2025-02-26 12:05:31 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing's Stephanie Pope, once on CEO shortlist, is out as COO Boeing Co. said late Tuesday that Stephanie Pope, once on a short list to become the aerospace and defense giant's chief executive, is no longer its chief operating officer. marketwatch.com 2025-02-25 22:28:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing says Stephanie Pope is no longer its chief operating officer Boeing said on Tuesday Stephanie Pope is no longer the chief operating officer at the planemaker. reuters.com 2025-02-25 19:49:59 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Japan's ANA to buy at least 77 aircraft from Boeing, Airbus, Embraer Japan's ANA Holdings said on Tuesday it would spend about 2.1 trillion yen ($14 billion) to purchase at least 77 aircraft to replenish its fleet. reuters.com 2025-02-25 06:02:13 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Aviation Capital Group Announces Delivery of One Boeing 737-8 MAX Aircraft to Air India Express NEWPORT BEACH, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- #acg--Aviation Capital Group LLC (ACG), a premier global full-service aircraft asset manager, announced the delivery of one Boeing 737-8 MAX aircraft to Air India Express. Featuring CFM International LEAP-1B engines, this is the fifth aircraft scheduled to deliver to the airline as part of a multiple-aircraft sale-leaseback transaction between ACG and Air India Express. ACG specializes in commercial aircraft leasing and aviation finance. In addition to aircraft. businesswire.com 2025-02-24 19:02:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Surprise: More Airplane Deliveries Compared To Airbus Boeing and Airbus saw increased net orders in January, with Airbus booking 15 more orders and $3.4 billion higher in value. Boeing delivered more airplanes in January due to timing issues, surpassing Airbus by $1.3 billion in delivery value. Airbus faces engine shortages affecting deliveries, while Boeing's delivery value reached its highest since 2019, showing potential for higher output. seekingalpha.com 2025-02-23 13:16:14 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
NASA May Cancel Boeing's Big $82 Billion Space Opportunity "The report of my death was an exaggeration." -- Mark Twain fool.com 2025-02-23 09:07:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Here's What Boeing's Big News Means for Investors There has been some interesting and mixed news flow around  Boeing (BA -2.06%) recently. While what is being reported about the aerospace giant isn't coming from official sources at the aerospace giant, the assertions still come from credible sources, and they touch on key company objectives. fool.com 2025-02-22 13:21:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing's chief aerospace safety officer to retire, the Air Current editor says Boeing's chief aerospace safety officer, Mike Delaney, will retire later this year, Air Current Editor Jon Ostrower said in a post on X on Friday, citing an internal message by Boeing Chief Executive Officer Kelly Ortberg to employees. reuters.com 2025-02-21 23:07:05 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing appoints Jeff Shockey as executive vice president of government operations Boeing said on Thursday it has appointed Jeff Shockey as executive vice president of government operations, global public policy and corporate strategy, effective February 24. reuters.com 2025-02-20 15:54:30 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Appoints Jeff Shockey to lead Government Operations, Global Public Policy & Corporate Strategy ARLINGTON, Va. , Feb. 20, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Boeing [NYSE: BA] today announced Jeff Shockey as the company's new executive vice president of Government Operations, Global Public Policy & Corporate Strategy, effective Feb. 24. prnewswire.com 2025-02-20 15:35:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Leonardo finds new partner for aerostructures unit after Boeing issues Italy's Leonardo has identified a new industrial partner for its aerostructures unit which has been hit by the problems of U.S. planemaker Boeing , the state-controlled group's CEO said on Thursday. reuters.com 2025-02-20 15:21:04 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Trump is 'not happy' with Boeing over Air Force One delays, but airlines are growing upbeat President Donald Trump has expressed frustration about delays of the specially-outfitted pair of 747s that will serve as the next Air Force One aircraft. Boeing CEO Kelly Ortberg has said the company is working with Trump's advisor Elon Musk to deliver the aircraft faster. cnbc.com 2025-02-20 14:11:58 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
US regulators 'need to be tougher on Boeing', Trump's nominee says President Donald Trump's nominee to serve as deputy secretary of the U.S. Transportation Department said regulators need to take a more aggressive approach to overseeing planemaker Boeing. reuters.com 2025-02-20 13:12:07 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
The Boeing Company (BA) Barclays Industrial Select Conference Transcript The Boeing Company (NYSE:BA ) Barclays Industrial Select Conference February 20, 2025 8:40 AM ET Company Participants Kelly Ortberg – President and Chief Executive Officer Conference Call Participants David Strauss – Barclays Capital David Strauss Next up, we're pleased to have Boeing, Kelly Ortberg, CEO of Boeing, I think his first conference appearance in the role. Kelly Ortberg Yes. seekingalpha.com 2025-02-20 12:35:26 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing CEO doesn't see immediate supply chain snags on 737 MAX target Boeing's supply chain for the 737 MAX is in good shape as the U.S. planemaker aims to grow output of its strongest-selling jet to 38 a month by mid-2025, CEO Kelly Ortberg said on Thursday. reuters.com 2025-02-20 11:08:48 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing unveils update on safety plan Boeing (BA) has released a revised safety and quality plan approximately one year after the Alaska Airlines (AAL) door plug incident. The plan targets four key areas, including enhancing workforce training, streamlining operational procedures, eliminating defects, and focusing on safety and quality culture. youtube.com 2025-01-04 12:00:53 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing Appoints Deasy as Chief Information Officer ARLINGTON, Va. , Jan. 3, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Boeing [NYSE: BA] today announced Dana Deasy as the company's new chief information digital officer and senior vice president, Information Technology & Data Analytics. prnewswire.com 2025-01-03 19:05:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
One year after Boeing's door plug crisis, more work is needed: FAA FAA Administrator Mike Whitaker posted in a blog on Friday that more work needs to be done at Boeing, even after a year a series of unprecedented steps to fix oversight of the company. foxbusiness.com 2025-01-03 18:56:13 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
The Score: Boeing, Tesla, U.S. Steel and More Stocks That Defined the Week Here are some of the major companies whose stocks moved on the week's news. wsj.com 2025-01-03 18:16:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing, DOJ tell US judge they have not reached agreement on revised plea deal The U.S. Justice Department and Boeing told a court on Friday they have not reached agreement on a revised plea deal after a U.S. judge in December rejected the deal, faulting a diversity and inclusion provision. reuters.com 2025-01-03 16:20:58 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Outgoing FAA Chief Says Boeing's Safety Turnaround 'Not a One-Year Project' Approaching one year since the Alaska Airlines (ALK) incident that saw a door panel detach from a Boeing (BA) plane in midair, outgoing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) head Mike Whitaker said the plane maker's safety turnaround plan is "not a one-year project." investopedia.com 2025-01-03 14:50:40 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing adds new quality control measures Boeing Co (NYSE:BA, ETR:BCO) has announced the implementation of more than a dozen new quality control checks across its airline manufacturing process following several incidents involving its airplanes. The company has come under scrutiny over the last year following multiple incidents, including a mid-flight panel blowout on an Alaska Airlines flight in January 2024. proactiveinvestors.com 2025-01-03 11:31:39 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Can Boeing's enhanced safety measures stabilize its stock price in 2025? Nearly a year after the infamous door plug blowout incident at one its aircrafts, Boeing on Friday gave updates regarding the steps it has taken over the last year to improve safety standards. Boeing said it has addressed over 70% of employee suggestions from quality training programs, forming cross-functional teams to resolve manufacturing challenges. invezz.com 2025-01-03 11:09:01 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Boeing is taking the required steps to return confidence in business, says former FAA adminstrator Billy Nolen, former Acting FAA administrator and Archer Aviation chief safety, joins 'Squawk Box' to discuss the progress Boeing has made in its production safety. youtube.com 2025-01-03 10:41:15 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Here's how Boeing's changed a year after a plane door flew off mid-flight CNBC's Phil LeBeau reports on Boeing's changes one year after a plane's door was blown out. youtube.com 2025-01-03 10:38:20 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Banmiller: Boeing will turn around and their numbers will improve. David Banmiller, President of Falcon Group, discusses Boeing's current situation, emphasizing that while the company is on the right track with new leadership, it will take time for a turnaround. He highlights the strong demand for Boeing's products and a significant order backlog but stresses the importance of focusing on quality to regain investor confidence. youtube.com 2025-01-03 10:15:56 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Here's how Boeing is responding to the FAA's call for a ‘fundamental cultural shift' in safety Safety and quality need to be placed above profit at Boeing, says the head of the FAA. marketwatch.com 2025-01-03 10:04:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Here's Why Boeing Stock Gained Back Ground in December Boeing (BA -2.90%) stock rose by 13.9% in December, according to data provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence. The move put a little shine on a disappointing year for the company and comes down to some positive news for Boeing. fool.com 2025-01-03 09:35:33 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
US FAA will maintain enhanced oversight of Boeing after door panel incident The Federal Aviation Administration's tougher oversight of Boeing will continue indefinitely, the agency's outgoing head said on Friday, nearly a year after a door panel missing four key bolts flew off a new Alaska Airlines 737 MAX 9 in mid-air. reuters.com 2025-01-03 08:05:28 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
This Is a Big Year for Boeing Stock. It All Starts With Safety and Quality. The company published a safety update detailing some of the steps it has taken to improve manufacturing quality. barrons.com 2025-01-03 08:01:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
South Korea extends Boeing 737-800 inspections following fatal crash South Korea's transport ministry has extended special inspections of all 101 of the Boeing 737-800 jets run by the country's airlines by a week, after the worst aviation disaster on the country's soil, a ministry official said on Friday. reuters.com 2025-01-03 00:50:04 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Double Buzzkill: Nike and Boeing The 'Fast Money' traders talk how to play two sliding stocks: Nike and Boeing. youtube.com 2025-01-02 20:19:37 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
3-Stock Lunch: Nvidia, Boeing & Howmet Aerospace Ari Wald, Oppenheimer managing director and head of technical analysis, joins 'Power Lunch' to discuss stock plays for three stocks. youtube.com 2025-01-02 17:16:00 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
Options Trades in TSLA and BA Tesla (TSLA) fades on 4Q deliveries that miss Wall Street expectations. Boeing (BA) falls after a bullish analyst call. youtube.com 2025-01-02 14:51:53 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)
January Dow Dogs: 1 'Safer' Buy, And 5 With Promise Verizon Communications is the only Dow Dog meeting the ideal of annual dividends from $1K invested, exceeding the single share price. Analysts forecast 11.36% to 31.73% net gains from the top ten Dow Dogs by January 2026, with Merck leading at $313.37. A market correction of 82% could make all top ‘safer' Dow dividend dogs fair-priced, with dividends from $1K invested meeting or exceeding share prices. seekingalpha.com 2025-01-02 14:21:43 Czytaj oryginał (ang.)